Seborrheic Dermatitis

The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis has not been determined, but it is thought to be linked to an excess of a type of yeast called Malassezia, which naturally lives on the skin and doesn’t usually cause any harm. Possible causes or triggers for this skin condition include having a high level of androgens or skin lipids, an inflammatory reaction, being stressed, living in a cold and dry climate, using alcohol-based skin products, having a history of chronic skin disorders, and a family history of seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis typically presents with white flakes of skin in the scalp, eyebrows, ears, beard, chest, and groin. The involved skin may be itchy, red, and inflamed. It appears in areas where there is increased oil gland activity. Although seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis often look similar, there are some key differences between them, such as the fact that psoriasis scales tend to be thicker, more adherent to the skin with sharp borders, and have a silvery appearance.

Anyone can develop seborrheic dermatitis, but it is more likely to affect newborns or infants who are less than three months old and adults between the ages of 30 and 60. The following factors and conditions also predispose to it: being male, being Caucasian, recovering from a heart attack or stroke, having oily skin, acne, AIDS, a weakened immune system, alcoholism, psychiatric disorders like depression, eating disorders, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, psoriasis, rosacea, congenital disorders like Down’s Syndrome, and a family history of seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a lifelong skin condition, and flares will continue to occur. Maintenance therapy will provide adequate control for this chronic condition. Over-the-counter topical products or prescription medications provide relief for the symptoms, and patients may find that a combination of treatments works most effectively.

Mild cases of seborrheic dermatitis are typically treated with over-the-counter dandruff shampoos. A dermatologist may prescribe anti-fungal shampoos or other topical or oral medications for long-term maintenance in more severe cases. Topical antifungal products—such as foams, creams, and gels—can be applied directly to the face and body and are safe and effective for long-term use.