Keratosis Pilaris

The tiny, “pimple like” bumps that result from keratosis pilaris occur when the openings of hair follicles become blocked with dead skin when the cells don’t adequately flake off. It is caused by an excess of a hair protein called keratin. It is believed that other skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and genetic diseases may be linked to this accumulation of keratin that triggers keratosis pilaris, though the exact cause has yet to be determined.

Keratosis pilaris causes dry, rough patches and tiny, sandpapery bumps that look similar to goosebumps, which is why it is often called “chicken skin.” These bumps can be different colors—ranging from flesh-colored to white, red, pink, brown, or black—depending on the skin tone of the patient. Keratosis pilaris is typically asymptomatic but may cause minor itching and irritation.

There may be dryness and a slight redness of the skin surrounding the bumps. The bumps usually form on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks, though anywhere on the skin where there are hair follicles may be affected. The discolored skin bumps usually become worse when there are seasonal changes during the winter months that lead to low humidity and dry skin. Hormonal changes during puberty or pregnancy may also trigger keratosis pilaris breakouts. This condition is not contagious.

Although any age demographic can be affected, this skin condition occurs more frequently in young children and teenagers. It is more common in women. People who have dry skin, eczema, ichthyosis, hay fever, obesity, fair skin, or Celtic ancestry are the most likely to develop this condition.

Most cases of keratosis pilaris spontaneously resolve by age 30. However, there are steps that patients can take to enhance their skin’s appearance, such as using moisturizers to alleviate the dryness and applying retinol, urea, and lactic acid creams to help remove the dead skin that’s clogging the pores.

Cosmetic treatments such as microdermabrasion and chemical peels help to exfoliate the retained skin cells. Daily tips to help manage keratosis pilaris include taking shorter showers or baths, washing with lukewarm instead of hot water, using a humidifier, and moisturizing every day.

It may take several months before patients notice significant improvements. While there is no way to prevent keratosis pilaris, good management strategies will provide adequate control of this condition. The best way to determine which treatments will work for you is to schedule a consultation.